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Varoluş Felsefesi

  Nurettin Topçu tarafından derlenen ve 1967 senesinde basılan Varoluş Felsefesi, varoluşçuluğu açık ve kısa bir şekilde izah ediyor. Hareket Yayınları baskısını Kırkambar Sahaf'tan edindiğim eserin, Dergah Yayınları tarafından basılan nüshasında "serbest tercüme uyarlama" olduğu belirtiliyor.  Nurettin Topçu, giriş yazısında varoluşçu felsefelerin birçok farklı temelde izah edildiğini, sözgelimi Gabriel Marcel'in elinde varoluşçuluğun Katolik bir renk kazanırken Jean Paul Sartre'ın varoluşçuluğu büsbütün tanrıtanımaz bir temelde açıklamaya giriştiğini belirtiyor. Nurettin Topçu'nun varoluşçuluk üzerine yayımladığı tarih, henüz Sartre'ın hayatta olduğu bir döneme denk geliyor. Bu yönüyle bu küçük kitabın aslında Batı'daki çağdaş felsefi düşünceyi Türkçeye aktararak önemli bir açığı kapatma girişimi olduğunu söylemek de mümkün. Ki Nurettin Topçu da giriş yazısında eseri basıma hazırladığı dönemde, 1960'ların Türkiye'sinde varoluşçuluk üzerine he...

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The Question of Self

The Question of Self In chapters ten, eleven, and twelve of The Age of Extremes , Eric Hobsbawm analyzes the social and cultural transformations that took place between 1940 and 1990. He argues that this period witnessed profound societal changes on a global scale. Among the most significant transformations were the end of the peasantry and the increasing requirement of secondary or high school education for most occupations. Additionally, the growing influence of youth and women on society and policymaking became increasingly visible. While young people grew more rebellious toward the state and their families, second-wave feminism flourished, challenging expected roles of women and men in society and even questioning the meaning of sex itself. Hobsbawm (1995) also examines conditions in poor, dependent states classified as the “Third World.” What fascinates me most in these chapters, however, is the cultural transformation and the shifting balance between the individual and society. I...

Reason and the Rise of Modern Psychology

Reason and the Rise of Modern Psychology The Enlightenment period of the 18th century and the scientific and industrial revolutions of the 19th century established reason as the dominant guiding principle. Yet, by the eve of World War One, during the Age of Empire, this reason-based, mechanistic worldview began to exhibit instability. Eric Hobswamn’s book chapters called “The Arts Transformed”, “Certainties Undermined”, and “Reason and Society” explore this change through the lens of arts and science, both natural and social. In this paper, drawing on Hobsbawm’s account of how reason and certainty were undermined in sciences in the early twentieth century, I examined whether similar shifts can be observed within psychology.  At that time, to be scientific was regarded as an intellectual honor. The degree to which a discipline was considered scientific depended on how closely it resembled the natural sciences, particularly physics. Auguste Comte referred to his new field of sociolog...